晋太宗宣武帝实录20（1 / 1）

(\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人闻，政有三品，何也？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为其有三，王者之政化之，霸者之政威之，强国之政胁之。夫此三者各有所施，而化之为贵矣。夫化之不变。而后威之，威之不变，而后胁之，胁之不变，而后刑之。夫至于刑者，则非王者之所贵也。是以圣王先德教而后刑罚，立荣耳止而明防禁，崇礼义之。节以示之，贱货利之弊以变之，修近理内，政橛机之礼，壹妃匹之际，则下莫不慕义理之荣，而恶贪乱之耻，其所由致之者，化之使然也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：I‘veheardthatpoliticshasthreelevels，Sirtaughtmewhatthatwas？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithinktherearethreekindsofit，TheHolyKinggovernsthecountrybyadvocatingindoctrination，Overlordsgovernthecountrywithgreatemphasisonpower，Powerfulcountrieshandlepoliticalaffairsthroughcoercion，Thefirstoptionisthemostvaluable，Therefore，firstindoctrination，secondtoshowstrength，thirdiscoercionandfinallypunishment，TheHolyKinghadnochoicebuttousethepunishment，Therefore，theHolyKingadvocatedindoctrination，Ifthereisnoeffect，thepenaltyisused，Letpeopleknowabouthonoranddisgraceandwhatisforbidden，Promoteetiquetteandrighteousnesstopeople，Handlepoliticalaffairsdiligentlyandadvocateacorrectviewofmoney，Then，everyoneintheworldwillyearnforsuchasocietyandbeashamedofdoingevil，luxuryandgreed，ThisisthesituationinwhichtheHolyKingadvocatesindoctrination。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人愿闻，人君何以平治天下？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，人君欲平治天下而垂荣名者，必尊贤而下士。《易》曰：自上下下，其道大光。又曰：以贵礼下，大得民也。明王之施德而下下也，将怀远而致近也。朝无贤人，犹鸿鹄之无羽翼也，虽有千里之望，犹不能致其意之所欲至矣。是故绝江海者托于船，致远道者托于乘，欲霸王者托于贤。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：IwanttoknowhowtheHolyKinggovernsthecountry？Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Ifthekingwantstogovernthecountrywellandleavehisnameinhistory，hemustbehumbleandrespectfulofthetalents，Treatotherswithhumility，andthefuturecanbesmooth，Evenifyouarenoble，youmustrespectthetalents，Onlyinthiswaycanwegetpeople‘ssupport，TheHolyKingpromotedindoctrinationwithalowposture，Evenifthegoalisfaraway，itwilleventuallybeachieved，Thecountryhasnotalents，justlikeabirdhaslostitswings，Thenyoucan‘tgettowhereyouwanttogo，Therefore，ifyouwanttocrossthesea，youneedtohaveaboat，Ifyouwanttoreachfaraway，youneedameansoftransportation，Ifyouwanttobecomeaholykingandoverlord，youneedthesupportoftalents。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人闻，王臣蹇蹇，匪躬之故，何也？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，人臣之所以蹇蹇为难而谏其君者，非为身也，将欲以匡君之过，矫君之失也。君有过失者，危亡之萌也；见君之过失而不谏，是轻君之危亡也。夫轻君之危亡者，忠臣不忍为也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Iheardthatloyalistsmadesuggestionswithintegrity，Theydothisnotfortheirownsake，Howtounderstand？Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Thereasonwhyloyalsubjectsarenotafraidofdifficultiesandmakesuggestionswithintegrity，thatistocorrecttheking‘sfaults，Andnotfortheirownsake，Thekingmadeamistakewhichwasthebeginningofthedanger，Itwouldbeirresponsibletoseeakingmakeamistakeandnottocorrectit，Andasaloyalservant，hecouldnotbeartoseethekingindanger。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人闻，君子慎独，何也？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，存亡祸福，其要在身。圣人重诫，敬慎所忽。《中庸》曰：莫见夫隐，莫显乎微，胡君子能慎其独也。谚曰：诫无垢，思无辱。夫不诫不思，而以存身全国者，亦难矣。《诗》曰：战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。此之谓也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Ihaveheardthatgentlemenarealsocautiouswhentheyarealone，Sirtaughtmewhy？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Therootofexistence，death，misfortune，andblessingisinoneself，Anddarenotignorethesmallthings，Somesmallandhiddenthings，gentlemenalsoattachgreatimportanceto，It‘sallaboutnotregrettingandbeingunashamed，Itisonlybydoingsothatonecanpreserveoneselfandone‘scountry，Maintainthisattitudeatalltimes，evenwhenyouarealone。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：今天象连有异变，寡人甚惧，吾欲责臣下之疏，可乎？先生以为如何？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，大王敬畏鬼神，忧恤黎元，而天气未和，寒暑违节者，咎在群臣不能宣化治职，而以苛刻为俗，百官无相亲之心，吏民无雍雍之志，至于感逆和气，以致天灾。百姓可以德胜，难以力服，《鹿鸣》之诗必言宴乐者，以人神之心洽，然后天气和也。愿陛下垂圣德，缓刑罚，顺时气以调阴阳。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，吾知过矣，此乃寡人之不德也。\u3000\u3000chenmu：NowtheweatherisveryabnormalandIamveryafraid，thereforeIwanttoblametheMinisterforhisnegligence，Sirwhatdoyouthink？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Youreveretheghostsandgodsandlovethepeople，Buttheweatherisunusualandtheseasonischaotic，That‘sbecausetheministerwasderelictinhisduties，Ministersarenotinharmonywitheachotherandgovernthecountrytooharshly，Thismakespeoplerestlessanduneasyinside，ThisprovokedthewrathofGodandsentdownthepunishmentofnaturaldisasters，Thepeoplecanbeinspiredbyvirtueratherthanforce，\u3000\u3000Onlybyobeyingthewillofthepeoplecanwesavethedisaster，Ihopeyoumakelawsthatarefairandnotharsh，Useyourvirtuetoimpresstheworld。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iwaswrong。\u3000\u3000陈牧：今渭水出宝鼎，郡守献之，寡人当如何处之，先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，祥瑞之降，以应有德；方今政化多僻，何以致兹！且大王诏书，禁人上事言圣，而间者章奏颇多浮词；自今若有过称虚誉，尚书皆宜抑而不省，示不为谄子蚩也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言甚善，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：NowthereisatreasureintheWeiRiver，andthemayorwantstodedicateittome，WhatshouldIdoaboutit？Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Theappearanceofthetreasureshouldbeinspiredbyvirtue，Butnowtherearemanyproblemsinthecountry‘sgovernmentaffairs，Sohowdidhedoit？Besides，youhavepreviouslyorderedtheprohibitionofthesehypocriticalthings，Buttheministers‘documentswerefilledwithpompouspraise，Ihopeyouwillaskthemnottodothisinordertoshowthatyou‘renotfainting。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：今，日有食之，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，此乃民冤不能理，吏黠不能禁；而轻用民力，缮修宫宇，出入无节，喜怒过差之故也，愿大王永览前戒，深自引咎，诏群司勉修职事，极言无讳，各言得失，或可消过也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：NowthereisasolareclipseandIamveryworried，Sirtaughtmehowtodealwithit。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithinkthere‘sareasonforthat，Thepeoplehavegrievancesbutarenotdealtwithbythecourts，Officialsweretreacherousbutnotpunished，Laborwasusedheavilytobuildpalaces，Yougoouthuntingalotandhaveashorttemper，That‘saboutit，Iwantyoutolearnfromitandcorrectyourmistakes，Youhavetomaketheministersdiligentinhandlinggovernmentaffairs，Andactivelylistentotheopinionsoftheministers，Allowthemtocorrectyourmistakeswithoutblamingthem，Inthisway，theheavenscanbetouched。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\r\n 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