晋太宗宣武帝实录14（1 / 1）

(\u3000\u3000陈牧：今楚王欲取广陵，寡人欲争之，可乎？先生以为如何？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，楚王好利而愎，不与，将伐我；不如与之。彼喜于得地，必请于齐国；齐国不与，必向之以兵，大王恒恐齐、楚交媾，此乃天赐良机，我晋得免于患，而可待事之变矣。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：NowtheKingofChuwantedtoattackGuangling，Iwanttostophimfromoccupyingthisplace，Sirwhatdoyouthink？\u3000\u3000xiaofan:Ithink，TheKingofChuwasgreedyandconceited，Ifwedon‘tgiveupherethenHewillattackus，Besides，thisplacedoesnotbelongtous，IftheKingofChupossessedthisplace，thenhewouldcontinuetodemanditfromtheStateofQi，OncetheStateofQididnotgiveittohim，thentheKingofChumightattacktheStateofQi，YouhavebeenworriedabouttheunificationoftheStateofQiandtheStateofChu，NowitisagoodopportunitytoseparatetheStateofQiandtheStateofChu，Wewillbeinanenablingenvironmentandjustwaitforthingstodevelop。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：夫才与德异，而世俗莫之能辨，通谓之贤，此其所以失人也，寡人欲别之，先生何以教我？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，聪察强毅之谓才，正直中和之谓德。才者，德之资也；德者，才之帅也。才德全尽谓之圣人，才德兼亡谓之愚人，德胜才谓之君子，才胜德谓之小人。君子挟才以为善，小人挟才以为恶。挟才以为善者，善无不至矣；挟才以为恶者，恶亦无不至矣。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Thereisadifferencebetweentalentandcharacter，Ordinarypeoplecan‘ttellthedifference，Sotheyconsiderbothtobewisemen，That‘swhyrealtalentislost，Iwanttotellthedifferencebetweenthetwo，Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Clevernessandperseveranceareconsideredatypeoftalent，Integrityandeasy-goingareconsideredvirtuous，Talentisanextensionofvirtue，Virtueistheguideoftalent，Apersonwhopossessesbothtalentandvirtueisasaint，Peoplewhohaveneithertalentnorvirtuearestupid，Amanwhosevirtuetrumpshistalentsisagentleman，Apersonwhoseabilitytrumpsvirtueisavillain，Gentlemenusetheirtalentstodogoodthings，Villainsusetheirtalentstodobadthings，Useyourtalentstodogoodthings，andthengoodthingswillcome，Useyourtalentstodoevilthenbadthingswillcome。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人愿闻，观人之道，先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，居视其所亲，富视其所与，达视其所举，穷视其所不为，贫视其所不取，五者足以定之矣。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Iwanttoknowhowtofullyunderstandaperson，Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Whenhe‘sathome，seehowhetreatshislovedones，Whenheisrich，lookatwhohegives，Whenheisdeveloped，seewhoheproposes，Whenhe‘spoor，watchwhathedoesn‘tdo，Whenhe‘shavingtrouble，seewhathedoesn‘tget，Justinthisway，youcanbasicallyunderstandhispersonality。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：以寡人今日之功业，比之太祖高皇帝，何如？先生以为如何？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，君出言自以为是，而卿大夫莫敢矫其非；卿大夫出言亦自以为是，而士庶人莫敢矫其非。君臣既自贤矣，而群下同声贤之，贤之则顺而有福，矫之则逆而有祸，如此则善安从生？且大王为高祖之子，此孝之乎？\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Howdomycurrentexploitscomparetothepreviousemperors？Sirwhatdoyouthink？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Ifthekingisself-righteous，thentheministerdoesnotdaretocorrectit，Iftheministerthinksheisright，thenthepeoplewillnotdaretocorrectit，Bothkingsandministersconsideredthemselvestobevirtuous，Andtheirsubordinatespraisedtheminthesameway，Praisethemandyou‘llreapthebenefits，Correctthemandyouwillbeintrouble，Iftheyalldothis，thenthereisnogoodness，Besides，youarethesonoftheformeremperor，Iamafraidthatyouarecommittingfilialpietybydoingso。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iwaswrong。\u3000\u3000陈牧：敢问先生，何为信之道？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，信者，人君之大宝也。国保于民，民保于信。非信无以使民，非民无以守国。是故古之王者不欺四海，霸者不欺四邻，善为国者不欺其民，善为家者不欺其亲。不善者反之：欺上不信下，下不信上，上下离心，以至于败。所利不能药其所伤，所获不能补其所亡，岂不哀哉！\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Iwanttoknowthetruemeaningofintegrity，Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Integrityistheking‘streasure，Thestabilityofthecountryliesinthewillofthepeople，Thestabilityofthepeople‘sheartsandmindsliesintheintegrityofthecountry，Ifthecountryisdishonest，itlosesthesupportofthepeople，Withoutthesupportofthepeople，thecountrycannotbedefended，Therefore，theancientkingsdidnotdeceivetheworld，Theemperordoesnotdeceivethesmallcountriesaroundhim，Thosewhoaregoodatgoverningthecountrydonotdeceivethepeople，Peoplewhoaregoodatmanagingtheirfamiliesdonotdeceivetheirlovedones，Onthecontrary，thecountryandthepeoplewillbeopposedandcentrifuged，whichwillfurtherleadtothedestructionofthecountryandthefamily，Intheend，itwastoolatetomakeamends，It‘saverysadthingtogettothatpoint。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：今内侍触法，寡人欲宥之，可乎？先生以为如何？\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，夫治无小，乱无大。法不立，诛不必，虽有十内侍，无益也。法立，诛必，失十内侍，无害也。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Nowmyattendanthasbrokenthelaw，andIwanttokeephim，Sirwhatdoyouthink？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Therearenosmallthingsingoverningthecountry，everythingisimportant，Thelawwasestablishedbutcouldnotbeenforced，Evenifyouhavealotofsquires，it‘snotgoodforthecountry，Ifthelawcanbeenforced，evenifyouloseafewsquires，thereisnothingtoloseforthecountry。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iwaswrong。\u3000\u3000陈牧：国家养士，所谓何哉？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，君王之养士，以为民也。《易》曰：“圣人养士，以及万民。”夫士者，其德足以敦化正俗，其才足以顿纲振纪，其明足以烛微虑远，其强足以结仁固义。大则利天下，小则利一国。是以君王丰禄以富之，隆爵以尊之。养士以利天下，盖为万民耳。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。\u3000\u3000chenmu：Whatisthepurposeofthestateincultivatingtalents，Sirtaughtme。\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Kingsandsaintscultivatetalentsforthewell-beingofthepeopleoftheworld，Theirvirtuescanimprovethesocialatmosphere，Theirtalentscanimprovethelevelofnationalgovernance，Theirwisdomcantakeintoaccountthefutureandthepresent，Theycanspreadbenevolencetotheworld，Someofthemcanbenefittheworld，otherscanbenefitacountry，Thereforethekinggavethemhightreatmentandtitlesforthebenefitoftheworldandthepeople。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。\u3000\u3000陈牧：寡人未尝不纳谏也，然下臣内怀奸诈，为之奈何？先生教我。\u3000\u3000萧凡：臣以为，昔战国孟尝君纳谏，苟其言之善也，虽怀诈谖之心，犹将用之，况尽忠无私以事其上者乎！《诗》云：“采葑采菲，无以下体。”愿大王舍其私而用其公，用其长而容其短。\u3000\u3000陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。\u3000\u3000chenmu：IwasabletotaketheMinister‘sadvice，Butsomeofthemaretreacherous，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？\u3000\u3000xiaofan：Ithink，Mengchangjun‘sapproachisworthlearningfromyou，Ifotherssayitright，evenifheisabadperson，hewilltaketheiradvice，Moreover，mostpeopleareloyalanduprightpeople，Eveniftheyhavesomeminorproblems，youhavetotaketheirrightadviceforthecountry，Youhavetolearntousethestrengthsofothersandtoleratetheirweaknesses。\u3000\u3000chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。\r\n 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